TWH – As many Pagans are aware, The Atlantic magazine published a piece by Rabbi David Wolpe on Christmas Day 2023. For those who have not read the essay, Rabbi Wolpe attacked Pagans and Paganism from a monotheistic and uninformed position.
The Wild Hunt immediately responded to Rabbi Wolpe’s atrocious attack earlier this week. Many Pagans have been issuing statements and sending letters to The Atlantic‘s editorial staff. Some responses were shared on private sites, but others were sent directly to The Atlantic or shared on Facebook and similar social media platforms not controlled by our community.
The Wild Hunt recognizes that in many ways, we serve as a paper of record for our community. We contacted the individuals who responded to Rabbi Wolpe and are including their responses in this week’s Pagan Community Notes assuring they will be available for anyone including future Pagans to access and become aware of issues occurring in our community.
The responses are shared without community below in this edition of Pagan Community Notes following our Tarot of the Week.
TWH – This week is Kwanzaa, a seven-day African American and Pan-African holiday centered on unity, community, and culture. Kwanzaa is comprised of celebrating the Nguzo Saba or The Seven Principles: Umoja (Unity), Kujichagulia (Self-Determination), Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility), Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics), Nia (Purpose), Kuumba (Creativity) and Imani (Faith).
The holiday was created by Maulana Karenga in 1966 after the Los Angeles Watts Uprising which escalated into riots that lasted for nearly a week in mid-August of 1965. Karenga incorporated traditions and practices from both Southern and West African cultures, being inspired partly by “first fruit” celebrations that are held in correspondence with the solstice. According to Karenga, Kwanzaa takes its name from the Swahili phrase matunda ya kwanza, which means “first fruits.”
Karenga synthesized the traditions of Continental African cultures and those of the African Diaspora. “This means that it is rooted in both the cultural values and practice of Africans on the Continent and in the U.S. with strict attention to cultural authenticity and values for a meaningful, principled and productive life.”
The Nguzo Saba or The Seven Principles:
1. Umoja (Unity): To strive for and to maintain unity in the family and community.2. Kujichagulia (Self-determination): To define and name ourselves, as well as to create and speak for ourselves.
3. Ujima (Collective work and responsibility): To build and maintain our community together and make our brothers’ and sisters’ problems our problems and to solve them together.
4. Ujamaa (Cooperative economics): To build and maintain our own stores, shops, and other businesses and to profit from them together.
5. Nia (Purpose): To make our collective vocation the building and developing of our community in order to restore our people to their traditional greatness.
6. Kuumba (Creativity): To do always as much as we can, in the way we can, in order to leave our community more beautiful and beneficial than we inherited it.
7. Imani (Faith): To believe with all our hearts in our people, our parents, our teachers, our leaders, and the righteousness and victory of our struggle.
The colors of Kwanzaa are black for the people, red for their struggle, and green for the future and hope that comes from their struggle. The Mishumaa Saba is made up of seven candles placed in a holder called a kinara which sits on a mat known as the Mkeka. The candles in the kinara consist of one black candle placed at the center, three red candles to the left, and three green candles to the right. Each candle represents one of the seven principles.
The center black candle represents the first principle Umoja (unity) and is lit on the first day of Kwanzaa. The red candles represent the principles of Kujichagulia (self-determination), Ujamaa (cooperative economics), and Kuumba (creativity). The green candles represent the principles of Ujima (collective work and responsibility), Nia (purpose), and Imani (faith).
The remaining candles are lit, one each following day, from left to right. The order of the lighting is designed to reflect that the people come first, then the struggle, and finally the hope that results from the struggle.
Since Kwanzaa was first celebrated in 1966, the observation of the holiday has spread to other countries and was first formally recognized by President Bill Clinton in 1997, the same year that the U.S. Postal Service offered stamps commemorating the holiday.
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Upcoming Events
The next Earth-based Spirituality Action Team (EBSAT) will be meeting on January 8 titled “After COP 28, what now? The meeting is via Zoom with the passcode of CCL.
EBSAT is for “anyone who keeps the sacred Earth at the center of their practice. We see action on climate change as an urgent moral imperative. We aim to reach out to our global communities and recruit volunteers for the Citizens’ Climate Lobby. We recognize and honor the spiritual nature of climate work.”
The Earth-based Spirituality Team is for Pagans, Wiccans, Witches, Occultists, Druids, Gaians, Goddess-worshippers, Earth-worshippers, Animists, Deep Ecologists, Scientific Pantheists, Creation-centered Christians, Secular Humanists, and Religious Naturalists. We enthusiastically welcome indigenous people, followers of African Diasporic Traditions, shamanic practitioners, and anyone who shares our reverence for Mother Earth.
The Polk County Pagan Market (PCPM) has announced dates for 2024 that we are excited to share.
More Pagan Outreach, and more educational workshops all at no cost, we have added LGBTQIA+ reps so that we may do more in that area as well. We are also going on the road to host a variety of “On The Road ” events for 2024 and 2025.
In 2023, Polk County Pagan Market became a center of debate between both Pagans and Christians throughout the state of Texas as a local pastor threatened the market with a backlash. The next Polk Pagan will take place at the Imbolc Festival on January 27, 2024, in Livingston TX at Pedigo Park. Following that event, the Ostara Festival will take place on March 9, 2024, in Livingston TX at the same location.
Tarot of the Week by Star Bustamonte
Deck: Dancing in the Dark Tarot, by Gianfranco Pereno and Lunaea Weatherstone, published by Lo Scarabeo.
Card: Nine (9) of Pentacles
This week may offer up opportunities to appreciate the progress that has been made and enjoy the benefits of success. Whether this involves splurging on a special treat or simply taking a day off to relax is up to the individual.
Conversely, while success can come at a price, carrying an excessive workload can lead to isolation and loneliness. Avoid the temptation to devalue or even fail to recognize one’s self-worth.
Responses to Rabbi Wolpe and The Atlantic
Inanna Arthen
December 27, 2023
Dear Editors of The Atlantic Magazine:
I have had an online subscription to The Atlantic for several years, and I read the magazine regularly. I certainly don’t agree with every writer you publish, and I don’t expect to. But there is a difference between a valid position or argument that may be debated, and the kind of factually inaccurate, disingenuous and hateful attack on a minority group which you published under the title “The Return of the Pagans” by David Wolpe.
Speaking honestly, I am on the brink of canceling my subscription and never looking at your publication again, electronically or otherwise. This piece is that bad. In this day and age, after all the decades of public relations and education work modern Pagans have done, with all the persecution and attacks we’re experiencing right now from self-proclaimed “monotheists,” there is no excuse whatsoever for The Atlantic to publish something this ignorant and inflammatory.
Just for the record, I am in my 60s and a life-long practicing Pagan, called to that faith by Mother Goddess. I hold a Masters of Divinity from Harvard Divinity School (1998). I am ordained Pagan clergy legally recognized by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. I am a certified domestic violence counselor and worked for ten years in a battered women’s shelter. I’ve served Unitarian Universalist congregations as a pastor and service leader for thirty years. I single-handedly publish my small town’s weekly newspaper, the only local news it has.
“The Return of the Pagans” completely and totally misrepresents modern day Pagans, is factually incorrect about ancient Pagans, and aggrandizes and glorifies “monotheism” in a way that almost everyone outside of the Abrahamic religions would fervently disagree with.
We Pagans are compared with Donald Trump, Elon Musk and Nazis. We are characterized as caring about nothing but ourselves. We are painted as greedy and money-grubbing and interested in nothing except wealth and hedonism. We are equated with the violent insurrectionists who stormed the Capitol on January 6, 2021. We are said to have no humility and no virtues. We are said to care only about personal beauty. We are accused of considering children’s lives less important than animals. And so on and so on…a more complete and ruthless character assassination of Pagans, modern and ancient, could hardly have been penned.
Rabbi Wolpe has a profound and total ignorance about Paganism, both ancient and modern. Quite simply, he is blinded by his own partisanship. He is not talking about any kind of Paganism, period. He is talking about secularism, the modern “religion” born of that unholy union between libertarianism and scientism, whose prophet is Ayn Rand. He is mislabeling that ideology “paganism.” By so doing he is slandering millions of people who are called to Pagan faiths (both revived and indigenous/traditional).
Donald Trump is not a Pagan. In fact, he pretends to be a Christian, and many Christians–far too many–believe that God has chosen him to rule, er, be President. Elon Musk is not a Pagan. He is a pure humanist who despises us as sappy tree-huggers and anti-technology Luddites. Pete Singer is not a Pagan. He identifies as an Atheist (as a quick check of Wikipedia would have shown).
Rabbi Wolpe simply grabbed the term “pagan” and used it the same way that monotheistic Christian missionaries from the 6th century on have done, to mean “barbarian, immoral, uncivilized, uneducated, shallow, unenlightened, and worthy only of death.”
We Pagans have done nothing to deserve this. We’ve certainly done nothing to Rabbi Wolpe. Imagine this same piece written with the word “pagan” replaced by some other label (say, “conservative”). I think its seething hatred, so skillfully disguised with a veneer of intellectualism, would be very obvious.
You would think that with the conflicts in Ukraine (no Pagans involved in that–they’re all monotheistic Orthodox Christians) and in Gaza (no Pagans there, either–they’re all monotheistic Jews and Muslims), The Atlantic would forebear to publish a slanderous and false attack on yet another harmless, and largely defenseless, minority (and on Christmas Day, no less). I guess not.
As an alumnus of Harvard Divinity School, I will be bringing this article to Harvard’s attention.
Sincerely,
Rev. Inanna Arthen, M.Div
Byron Ballard
Pagan versus Pagan
Like many people who have spent decades in the modern Pagan movement, I have been explaining why I use the word “Pagan” to describe myself, my spirituality, and my worldview. It seems I have more explaining to do, though I have had this conversation many, many times.
A woman of my acquaintance (the relative of a friend who later became a beloved Elder and friend herself) was in a bit of trouble and I counseled her, sent cheery cards, and brought food. As one does. She asked our mutual friend where I went to church and was shocked to hear I was a Pagan. “A pagan? But she’s so nice.” Taking this as an opportunity, I pushed past any fear or anxiety she may have had and we had many conversations about belief and faith, about what loving one’s neighbor meant in real terms, et cetera.
This dear woman was not the first nor was she the last with whom I had this conversation since I declared myself a Pagan in high school. After four years of Latin, leadership roles in the Junior Classical League, and an unseemly adoration of that other smart Daddy’s girl, Pallas Athene, it seemed logical to declare myself a Pagan. High school graduation took place in 1974—you can do the math to see how long that has been.
In those days and through the 80s and 90s, there were many people who understood “pagan” to mean godless, immoral, hedonistic–but specifically non-Christian. There is and was the sense that only the one true religion could impart morality and only belief in the Abrahamic Supreme Being would do. There were fund-raisers to “save pagan babies” and to send missionaries from evangelical churches to bring Jesus to Catholic Italy.
After five years of Latin (yes, I took another one in college) and a passionate study of European history, this position seemed to me ludicrous at best and dangerous at worst. I knew “Church” history better than most of the conservative Christians I knew and certainly had a better grasp on the Bible than they did. I would laugh at the phrase “godless pagans”—god-full Pagans is nearer the mark. The same riff again and again about the cycle of the seasons, full Moons, European tribal life, and real tax-paying American citizens practicing our First Amendment rights to religious expression.Many people understood. Most people didn’t care. Outside of the people who wear the Great Commission like a lodestone around their necks, in my experience, few Americans actually care what religion you are. Until they do. Until someone they idolize tells them they need to pay attention to the group of people that is bringing down the stability of the nation or ruining the economy or has dangerous ideas about their children.
Then they begin to wonder. The older ones are unlikely to do more than send pamphlets in the mail and mutter behind your back at the tailgate market. It’s the younger ones who become active zealots and active zealots can be dangerous people. When they are fueled by their righteous anger, they become warriors clad in the whole armor of their vengeful god and his fervent prophets.That’s when minority religions and spiritual expressions are seen—not as a bunch of loonies who believe those ancient gods are “actually real” (exact quote from a UU minister who dealt only in archetypes)—but as a real and present danger to a way of life that is sacrosanct but nonexistent. That’s when they protest at Pagan religious observances, slash the tires of cars with questionable bumper stickers, and bully new Pagans back underground. We have seen this happen many times in 2023 and I promise you there is more to come.
The op-ed piece that has stirred up so many feelings is hardly worth the bother of a reply—as we repeat once more the same things we’ve been saying for decades. The stakes are higher now because the world we live in is more volatile, more armed, and more unreasonable. We seem shocked that a conservative rabbi doesn’t seem to know about the modern Pagan movement. But the truth is we spend much of our time preaching to the choir, talking to our co-religionists. Interfaith work is one way to educate other people about who we are and what we do but that has severe limitations. The people who are likely to disagree or even hate you are rarely at an interfaith event because they don’t want more information about the Wheel of the Year. They know they are right and all those others who believe differently or worship on a different day or pray to a different god are wrong, misguided, a threat to their authority and to their god’s authority. A danger that must be controlled in whatever way is deemed expedient.
We as Pagan and Pagan-affiliated communities have some choices to make. Once we are past the outrage of this opinion piece, we would be wise to consider how we keep our events, our gathering places and our people as safe as possible and how we have the conversation about who we are and what we do—again and again.
Casmira Davie
Good morning lovies, I hope you are snug and happy and pleasantly full after your holiday shenanigans. I am up early to get myself ready to go out and people today, but I wanted to address something before I head out the door. Many of you have heard about the opinion piece that came out in the Atlantic this past week by Rabbi David Wolpe, a Conservative Rabbi who is a visiting scholar at Harvard this year. His opinion piece has created quite a little tempest in our Pagan community teapot as in his piece he appears to hold our community up as an example of all that is bad and wrong in society today. If you would like to read it for yourself and haven’t already, I will try to post it in the comments, although I don’t know how one could have avoided it at this stage. I am not going to refute his argument because frankly, I don’t think that is what is most important about this. Many more erudite than myself have begun to pick his poorly researched and understood take on Modern Paganism apart much better than I could. What I want to address is why he might have written this and to whom he is addressing it. He uses some pretty standard straw man arguments as well as the old Reducto ad Hitlerum argument device as he seeks to paint all modern pagan practice with the Nazi brush. His first sentence invokes Donald Trump and first paragraph mentions Elon Musk and seeks to pull them away from modern society and into his specious ideas of Paganism. His entire argument is seeking to redefine who actually deifies those two, Evangelical Christians and the “techbros”, the new power elite of our society, as pagan, and then compares and contrasts monotheism, in particular Judaism and Christianity, as holding the line for modern society against these ravening forces of destruction. He doesn’t mention Islam, the third Abrahamic monotheistic religion at all, nor does he think that Hinduism, Shinto, or any other of the myriad “pagan” religions are worth mentioning. So here is my take on this. This man is a well-known conservative rabbinic scholar who is respected and lauded in his community, even a bit of a rebel as he created a stir when he said that the Exodus as written probably didn’t happen. This article came out in the Atlantic, a publication known for its research and well-written and considered journalism, not some tabloid. Its audience is often college-educated and leans liberal. We are in a very fraught political time where the whiff of fascism is no longer a whiff but an actual stink in the air. Antisemitism is on the rise again, and has reared its head on college campuses and in the liberal communities over the War in Gaza. My gut feeling after reading this a few times, (you’re welcome, blecch),is he is holding up Paganism, an idea, a philosophy, as the boogeyman for what is wrong with society, and why it is increasingly hateful. It is deflection, nothing more. As a rationalist, he cannot understand how “right thinking people “ could do what they are clearly doing, so he must thrust someone else upon the battlements for them to shoot at, and that happens to be us. As I said to someone else, he wouldn’t know a “pagan” if one snuck up and bit him on the ass. So save your breath to cool your porridge as they say, arguments about this are useless. What I find interesting is his seeking to define who is “right thinking”, the Christians who don’t like Trump, and Jews, as the saviors of our society. I smell fear all over this piece, and in this he is not wrong. I don’t appreciate being used as a human shield, but I understand the impetus, and it would behoove us all to pay attention. If there is one thing I know and understand, it is how the average bible thumping church works, and what they are taught in the pews. This man is afraid, and honey, you should be as well. If he doesn’t think his money and degrees and standing will save him unless he tosses me to the wolves, then none of us are as safe as we think we are. I am no scholar, but I have a PHD in survival, and the hair on my ruff is standing up. I am reading the Omens for the coming year, and that this came out right at the beginning of them is not lost on me. It is setting the tone for the year to come, take heed and prepare yourself. As Byron Ballard says, ground and get your shields up, and as I say, practice good peasantry, cause the Cossacks are on the other side of the hill and they are getting ready to ride. Mama Juju loves you, stay safe and keep sniffing the wind, no telling when you may have to go to ground.
Gus DiZerega
RESPONDING TO A VICIOUS ATTACK ON PAGAN RELIGION
On occasion, the Atlantic publishes excellent in-depth articles, and so, at one point I subscribed. Then, on Dec. 25, a piece of crap titled “The Return of the Pagans” appeared. It was by Rabbi David Wolpe.
Wolpe’s is the most ignorant and mean-spirited attack on Paganism I have encountered outside the worst fever swamps of degenerate Christian fundamentalists. And he is a Harvard Professor- (which helps answer why so many political authoritarians have Harvard degrees).
Wolpe attacks the worst of the American right as like the old violent Pagans of the Norse. It is true that for many decades some fascists have claimed to act in the spirit of the Norsemen, Romans, or other violent society (pick your fascist-they point to different ones). Wolpe also points to Roman moral degeneracy as somehow linked to their being Pagan. For him, today’s right wing degenerates, such as Donald Trump, represent the ‘return of paganism.’ For a competent analysis of the Pagan right, well, I recommend something by me.
Wolpe is so wrong at so many levels! A lengthy article is needed to cover them all. I don’t currently have the time to write it nor most of you the time to read if I did. But this garbage is currently getting some attention on FB, and so I will contribute some comments.
Pagans either worship nature or wealth according to Wolpe. One wonders whether he is aware of the society whose most fortunate children he misinstructs.
If we look about us today, Christians promoting “Prosperity Gospel Christianity,” and who mindlessly support Trump, constitute most of those he calls ‘modern Pagans.’ Megachurches with thousands of adherents are unlike anything Pagan now, or in antiquity, and their ministers sport mansions, jet planes, and very often engage in what they term in others ‘moral debauchery.’ And some truly is degenerate by any reasonable standard. The rabbi is seriously dishonest spiritually and factually to lie about these people and misidentify them.Were there Pagan societies that did horrible things? Yes. But no more than Christian societies did horrible things. (And lest any atheists feel smug, Mao’s China and Stalin’s Russia racked up their millions of deaths in the name of atheism.) I think my study of evil does the subject some justice, unlike Rabbi Wolpe.
More to the point, societies bring forth wonderful people, art, teachings, and more, and at the same time, some within them are truly horrible people. Wolpe teaches at Harvard, and so I suppose is ‘learned.’ But he never mentions the importance of Pagan thought to Christian thinking, especially Aristotle, Plato, and Plotinus. Just as there are wonderful Christians and those we would be tempted to call monsters, the same holds for Jews, whose sacred scriptures celebrate genocide against many people whose land Israel wanted.
His attack on Pagans of the ‘left’ is equally misguided if not as long. Again, the errors are spread deeply throughout the discussion. I will pick only a few of the biggest ones. The biggest of all is his ignorant equation of ‘left’ Pagans with secularists like Peter Singer. He uses Singer’s views as a means to attacking left Pagans. A secularist, Singer regards himself as a utilitarian and does not worship nature, but wants to abolish pain as always bad. The rabbi never heard of the Wheel of the Year or that Pagans, historically and today, take a far more complex view of life, suffering, and death.
Somewhat closer to the mark, we left-Pagans believe in “a kind of pantheism.” The modifier “kind of” is crucial, Without exploring what it means, (which he does not), ‘pantheism’ could even include Orthodox Christians. They reject the Augustinian dogma of the Fall of everything when Adam and Eve sinned, and so regard God as present in everything in nature. That is called Panentheism and is a version of a belief in many Pagan cultures, then and now. Gardnerian Wicca is Panentheist.
For Wolpe, we “worship nature” instead of worshiping God. But “worship” means very different things in these contexts. Like the word “faith,” what it means for Christians is unlike what it means for Pagans. Speaking for myself, my ‘faith’ in the gods is the same kind of faith I have with an old friend- I might not experience either right now, but I experienced them in the past and have no doubt they exist. Monotheists by contrast have spent millennia trying to prove their God exists.
Regarding worship, I never think of my relationship with the Wiccan Goddess or Cernunnos as ‘worshipful.’ Respect, love, relating with deep humility to the more-than-human, yes. But thinking neither I nor anyone else has value beyond what God sees/recognizes/etc., no.
Wolpe wrote, “Most ancient pagan belief systems were built around ritual and magic, coercive practices intended to achieve a beneficial result.” Actually, that is a Christian concept of magick. Maybe Jewish as well, I dunno. Ancient Pagan practice was far more likely to be seeking respectful relationships with more-than-human powers and beings. Here is a piece on indigeneity I wrote for the Interfaith Observer: In general, the indigenous idea for living life was harmony, not control. That idea only came to dominate the West well after monotheists had convinced many the universe was a source of resources put there for our use.
I could go on, but will only make one last point.
David Wolpe is a rabbi and no modern religious group has suffered more from ignorant hate than have Jews. One would think he would take some pains to know what he is talking about before he attacks other religious perspectives. But hatred for those who are wrong in his view seems to triumph, as it has so often among monotheists back at least as far as stories of Israel’s genocide against its neighbors, at the command of their deity.
After this, I cancelled my Atlantic subscription. There is no excuse for this article, none at all.
Catherine Carr
For those unfamiliar, on Christmas, The Atlantic published an article from a rabbi at Harvard Divinity School who argued in one of the most historically confused and ideologically ignorant messes I have have ever seen in my life that all of the problems with the modern world are due to “paganism,” in which he apparently conflates environmentalist animists with capitalists who lack morality, because that makes total ideological sense?
Several excellent rebuttals have been written, but I wanted to write one for my target audience because the original Atlantic article is SO misinformed and ideologically nonsensical that I feel like people without any background in Paganism might still miss some things about how incoherent it is.
So, for starters: “Paganism” is the name that has historically been applied to non-Abrahamic, polytheistic and animistic religious movements. It has also been used widely around the world as a slur for immorality and unethical behavior in general based on the erroneous assumption, propagated by Abrahamic religious leaders, that only obedient followers of the God of Abraham are capable of being moral or ethical and everyone who does not share their theological beliefs and their religious rites must necessarily be violent, greedy savages with no moral compass at all.
This idea later became key to Christianity exterminating indigenous religions around the world based on the idea that, since people who don’t share Christian theology are incapable of being moral, all people who espouse animistic or polytheistic beliefs must necessarily be violent and immoral and it was the duty of good Christians to “civilize” such folks.
Strong arguments have been made by recent Pagan theologians to the effect that it is actually transcendent monotheism (the teaching that there is only one God, who is separate from and better than the material world) which has *led* to the current environmental crisis, since indigenous relationships with the natural world have been characterized as “idolatrous, and therefore by necessity immoral and destructive” and modern environmentalists have been characterized in exactly the same way by modern Christian leaders who have argued that environmentalism is fundamentally at odds with Christianity’s image of a single, transcendent God who is in control of all things and who elevated humanity above the rest of nature and gave us dominion over it.
Modern Paganism is a religious movement of millions of people who largely espouse animistic worldviews, including spiritual relationships with their local ecosystems and the Earth itself, and who largely strongly frown upon extractive capitalism which they see as a mass murder machine which is predicated on viewing divine living creatures as nothing but material fodder for sale.
As I argue in my book “World Soul: Healing Ourselves and the Earth Through Pagan Theology,” modern Pagans arguably espouse a *higher* standard for the treatment of human beings than the mainline churches of today, who often support openly fascist politicians on the grounds that these politicians share commonalities with their theology in their desire to force obedience on at least some groups of people, since in mainline Abrahamic theology humans are indeed supposed to be unconditionally obedient to and subject to God’s laws which, in the words of certain conservatives, “don’t care about your feelings.”
It is onto this scene that David Wolpe steps, and somehow manages to argue that Donald Trump – about whom Christians have made actual documentaries claiming that he is a prophesied religious leader, while claiming that Pagan witches are “hexing him 24/7” – is “pagan” because of his narcissism and obsession with money. Wolpe then goes on to argue that Elon Musk is *also* pagan, because he’s anti-semitic and wants to conquer space?
Already we must ask, “What the hell definition of ‘pagan’ is this man using? Does he hail from the early 20th century, leaving him genuinely unaware of the millions of modern Pagans who are hardcore anti-materialist environmentalists who overwhelmingly harbor intense anger toward Trump and Musk due to precisely the moral failings Wolpe has just described as “pagan” in them?
I am not actually joking here: to my knowledge, the use of “pagan” as a term to refer to immorality in general fell out of favor in the West decades ago, when it became obvious to anyone who did not get their news exclusively from conservative church pastors that there were enough Pagans around who actually had their own theology for that to basically count as a hate speech slur.
Wolpe *must* be aware of this modern Pagan movement, because his subtitle does reference Pagans as “tree huggers,” the famous derogatory descriptor of environmentalists who attempted to prevent the destruction of nature and the construction of nuclear facilities in the late 20th century. Sometimes literally by hugging or tying themselves to trees to act as human shields, making it impossible to cut down the trees without first cutting through the bodies of the human tree-huggers. But he somehow sees fit to put “tree huggers” and “dollar worshippers” like Trump and Musk in the same basket, presumably because he defines both groups as not being sufficiently pious Abrahamic monotheists?
Wolpe clarifies his meaning somewhat by proceeding to explain that, in his opinion, since paganism is the deification of natural forces, it is simply a deification of violence. I guess Wolpe is trying to take the stance that “civilization” is humanity’s resistance to the moral lawlessness of nature, which…again is an argument that I thought became outdated decades ago.
The ideas that beings in the natural world lack any sense of empathy and morality and that good behavior can only be created by external forces of discipline imposing rules hasn’t stood up for at least three decades in the face of improving zoological and archaeological science, but maybe Wolpe just missed all of that sitting up in his seminary. The problem is, if he did, then he probably also takes the view that the only way to make people behave morally is to force them to do so through discipline and that violence, essentially, is the road to morality.
Maybe I’m projecting too much onto Wolpe here, but this is the only way I can make his arguments make internal sense if he is arguing that tree-hugging anti-materialist hippies and the Donald Trumps and Elon Musks of the world are essentially governed by the same driving force, which is, in his mind, a lack of Abrahamic religion.
Ironically, at this point in the article you hit a paywall where the Atlantic informs you that you cannot finish reading the article unless you pay them at least $79 for an annual subscription. Which, again, ironic given that one of the authors’ main arguments in this hit piece seems to be that Pagans are unhealthily obsessed with accruing wealth.
Which…no, no we’re not. We’re demonstrably the lowest-income religious group in the United States other than historically Black Pentecostal churches. We have consistently had anti-materialist and anti-capitalist tendencies since at least the 1970s when a number of books began to be written by *highly influential Pagan authors* and published by major presses about Pagan concerns that Abrahamic theology focusing on a single obedience-obsessed transcendent God was contributing to social inequality and environmental destruction.But I guess Wolpe either knows none of that or don’t consider any of those authors or the religious movements they came from to be legitimate faces of paganism, because he goes on to rant about how Pagan religions allegedly prize selfishness.
This accusation is actually deeply unsettling coming from Wolpe, because a common argument of Christian religious leaders has been that concern for human rights = selfishness on the part of the oppressed. In the conservative Christian worldview, women are selfish for wanting control over whether and when they become pregnant; children are selfish for wanting the freedom to be themselves instead of being molded into whatever their parents, especially their fathers and religious leaders, want them to be. LGBTQ+ people are selfish for wanting the right to exist in public and enjoy equal legal protections, and immigrants are selfish for wanting a better future for their families.
So is Wolpe so totally ignorant here that he actually thinks Pagans are selfish in the greed-driven-materialism sort of way despite that being literally the exact opposite of 90%+ of Pagan rhetoric for the last century, or is he trying to suggest that the same kind of “selfishness” which demands greater rights and freedoms for all people finds its logical conclusion in the greed of Elon Musk and Donald Trump?
If Wolpe is confused, then he’s just so spectacularly ignorant of his subject matter that he’s accidentally recapitulating fascist arguments without realizing it. If he knows what he’s doing, then he’s making the same basic arguments as the fascists who believe in a “cultural Marxism” whereby basically all the civil rights movements of the last century are tied together by an immoral agenda of personal selfishness.
One can almost understand where Wolpe is coming from when he argues that morality most easily arises from the idea that the universe was created by some sort of benevolent moral being. That argument is at least comprehensible. Where it falls apart is his apparent insistence that only the monotheistic God of Abraham can possibly satisfy this description, whereas the polytheistic gods and animistic spirits of other cultures are apparently incapable of doing so.
Wolpe continues to treat polytheistic and animistic religions as though they simply aren’t capable of creating the same kind of morality as the Abrahamic faiths, which, I would argue he’s correct in that. But he also shows a total obliviousness to the many modern Pagan arguments that the morality of most of the Abrahamic faiths is in fact fatally flawed specifically because of their “my way is the only right way” exclusivity and their insistence on centralizing moral authority within a single being who, if we’re taking a real honest look at the scriptures, has not always exactly been a moral straight shooter.
Wolpe at one point argues that Pagans must all be arrogant to the point of narcissistic egoism because we don’t view our gods as beings to be blindly and unconditionally obeyed. Which, again, actually a pretty worrying thing to argue. That whole idea that you should obey your god, even if he’s commanding you to create suffering and destroy living beings. Or else you’re being arrogant and egotistical. Not the look I think Wolpe wanted to put out there, but it is the one he ended up with by choosing to take the argument into “plus you don’t even unconditionally obey your gods” territory.Some of Wolpe’s arguments you can *almost* see being factual because he *does* cite some quotes from ancient Pagan philosophers. But even those he seems to misunderstand at such a deep and fundamental level that it’s obvious that he came into the whole endeavor expecting to find the worst of Pagans and interpreting all of their quotes in the worst possible lights. None of the “worshipping of wealth and beauty” he cites as alleged evidence of (ancient) Pagan selfishness and shallowness is really any worse than quotes that could be found from modern prosperity gospel Christian preachers. Which, if he tried to bring *them* into the group of alleged “pagans” alongside ecofeminists, Donald Trump, and Elon Musk, that would at least make for a more entertaining read.
I just…why was this article accepted from this person? He is either so completely ignorant of the subject matter that he genuinely doesn’t know most of the background I’ve just referenced, or he *does* know and is making some deeply troubling moral arguments of his own about environmentalists and human rights activists sharing in the same kind of essential selfishness as Donald Trump and Elon Musk.
Maybe I’m just reading way too much into a guy who doesn’t know what he’s talking about here, but my options are either A) he is legitimately unaware of almost all developments in these fields of culture and science since at least the 1970s, or B) he understands them but is still trying to argue that modern Pagans are selfish and egotistical, in which case he must also necessarily be arguing that environmentalism and civil rights activism are products of selfish egoism.
What do you think, readers? Am I being too hard on Wolpe here, or are his arguments really as unsettling as they sound once I sat down to analyze them?
Andrea Joy
As a Wiccan Clergy, I was appalled by the piece “The Return of the Pagans” by Rabbi David Wolpe. The piece is both historically inaccurate and prejudicial. It shows a complete lack of knowledge of the diversity of ancient and modern Paganism. If the article had been written citing any other religious thought it would not have ever been published.
If the writer had bothered to contact even one well-known modern Pagan they would have realized that pagans are a diverse group of people. Most of whom do not represent the stereotype shown in the article.
I encourage the Atlantic to reach out to The Parliament of the World’s Religions, the Covenant of the Goddess, Earthspirit, Circle Sanctuary, or Cherry Hill Seminary. Any of these organizations can provide a balanced look at what Pagan worldviews look like.
Eric Angus Jeffords
“I think he brings up some excellent points, though his attribution of those points to paganism I believe is misplaced.
We have come into a society that values power over compassion, that values successes over humility, that values military strength over peace, that values the individual over the community. I do not think that is a symptom of paganism (though it could be argued that, yes, some ancient pagan civilizations did indeed fall because they became corrupted by those same values). Those are symptoms of rugged individuality, corrupted wealth and influence, systemic racism, systemic misogyny, and other oppressions. Those can exist divorced from paganism — and when we look at examples of ancient paganism there WERE instances of slavery, oppression, misogyny, and all the ills that we still experience now in a more Christian society. Are these pagan values, or just humans being shit to one another?
Modern paganism, as far as I have understood it, has striven to be more like what Wolpe is describing: community-minded, humble, environmentally focused, anti-oppression, et cetera. I think what Wolpe gets wrong (and perhaps many people get wrong) is that, yes, modern paganism rejected the ascetic nature of monotheistic religion, and said: if I am made in the image of god, then surely this body is holy, and all the pleasure that comes with it holy as well. Unfortunately, we are seeing today how that concept can be taken way too far — and not just amongst modern pagans.
The ideals that Wolpe upholds (humility, anti-oppression, community focus, tolerance, supporting the poor) existed in antiquity — and those cults that supported those ideals were often oppressed by the state religion (looking at you, Dionysos!). No, the ruggedly individual society we find ourselves in is not a symptom of paganism. It is a symptom of greed and avarice, and a lust for power and dominion which are vices inherent within humanity.”
Jason Mankey
Jason shared his response The Return of the Pagan Scapegoats on Patheos Pagan on site Raise the Horns. The link follows his first paragraph below,
In Ovid’s Metamorphoses we find the story of Baucis and Philemon, an older married couple living in what is now modern-day Turkey. Ovid tells us that the couple were old and poor, but kind, and that when they were visited by two peasants, Baucis and Philemon welcomed the two strangers into their home and shared with those peasants all they had to offer. In the middle of dinner Baucis noticed that the pitcher she was pouring wine from seemed to magically refill on its own. Knowing that only the gods were capable of such a miracle, Baucis and her husband then fell to their knees in supplication and offered all they had to the deities seated before them.
Sabina Magliocco
A Response to David Wolpe, “The Return of the Pagans,” The Atlantic 12/25/2023
To the Editor:
As a long-time reader of and subscriber to The Atlantic, I was dismayed that you chose to publish David Wolpe’s essay “The Return of the Pagans” (12/25/2023). The essay is misinformed and distorts both historical and contemporary understandings of paganisms in ways that are profoundly damaging to both Indigenous and revived religions.
Wolpe never defines the word “pagan.” Instead, he appears to construct a straw man, using it to mean something akin to “idolatrous” in his eyes. The problem is that the term “pagan” already has a meaning: one that refers to a number of religions. These include Classical paganism, as practiced in the ancient world; non-monotheistic Indigenous religions; and modern Paganisms, a collection of new religious movements that revive, reconstruct, and experiment with elements of ancient polytheistic worship. None of these embrace the values or ideologies Wolpe attributes to paganism.
It is shocking how ignorant Wolpe is about Classical paganism, a topic about which there is a vast academic literature usually well covered in rabbinical schools. For example, he says, “The Greeks taught the rich and powerful were favored by the gods.” Nope, sorry, that would be the Calvinists. Concern for the poor and less fortunate did not originate with Judaism and Christianity. Greek and Roman religion had built-in methods for ensuring, for example, the redistribution of food from temple sacrifices to the indigent; even informal practices such as the Hekate’s suppers left at crossroads were intended to feed the hungry.
Similarly, by attributing the “worship of the body” to paganism, Wolpe distorts the fact that non-monotheistic and Indigenous religions tend to see divinity as immanent as well as transcendent. In other words, all living beings hold a spark of the divine; the gods are manifest in each of us. This idea is intended to inspire respect for all life forms. Indigenous religions, in fact, place primacy not on the individual, as he asserts, but on relationality and community, broadly defined to include other-than-human persons.
Wolpe also seems oblivious to the existence of modern Pagan religions, a fast-growing movement now numbering in the several millions in North America alone. While diverse in their beliefs, modern Paganisms are inspired by ideals of divine immanence and relationality which are closer to those of ancient and Indigenous religions than they are to anything Wolpe describes as “pagan.”
In a time when minority religions, including Indigenous religions and alternative spiritualities, increasingly face bigotry and prejudice, it is disappointing that The Atlantic chose to publish this poorly informed and ill-thought-out piece.
Sincerely,
Sabina Magliocco, Ph.D.
Chair, Program in the Study of Religion
The University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Eddie McGuire
The Atlantic, a usually liberal leaning publication, recently posted an article entitled “The Return of the Pagans” in which it makes the claim that pagans (by which it seems to mean “people who do not worship the God of Abraham”) have made a revival in recent times and that this revival is responsible for a number of modern woes and ethical and moral failings.The article suggests that those who follow the God of Abraham care about how people treat one another, and for whom universal salvation is promised. It contrasts this with its version of paganism which it says is marked by egotism and self-serving lust for materialistic possession and wealth, as well as the pursuit of tyrannical power.I am a High Priest, and an ordained minister, and also a pagan. Specifically, I am Wiccan. I am comfortable calling myself a Witch, and openly practice witchcraft. My teaching comes from an eclectic mix of pagan authors, online courses offered at witchschool.com, my time in an exclusively Wiccan coven, and my time in a Unitarian Universalist “Moon circle”.In both circles I helped facilitate (or “lead”) rites, including invoking the Goddess, casting a circle, calling the Corners (elemental spirits), and performing a ceremonial Great Rite which symbolically represents the union of our God and Goddess. I have been a practicing witch for 27 years. I have practiced healing rites including Reiki, and crystal work. I have drummed and called to my Totem animal during ecstatic shamanic trance, and I have used entheogens (plant teachers) for their medicinal properties and to commune with nature and the divine.I have an altar permanently set up in my place of residence, and I light incense and sit in contemplative meditation daily. I offer devotional prayer to the Old Gods regularly, and observe the pagan holidays on the solstices and cross-quarters, and each full moon.This article is biased and contains many inaccuracies, the most glaring of which is calling Donald Trump and Elon Musk “pagans”. Nothing in their known lifestyle suggests anything of the sort. It contains stereotypes, generalizations, and misunderstandings of the diverse and complex traditions and beliefs of those who call themselves pagan, or Wiccan, or Druid, or Asatru, Shamans, or Kemetics, or any number of other terms.The article fails to recognize that paganism encompasses everything from atheism and agnosticism to pantheism, monism, polytheism, and animism. It claims that we worship natural forces and idols, when we mostly recognize these as expressions of the Divine, and that we do in fact worship gods and goddesses just as real and meaningful to us as I assume his god is to the good Rabbi.Because many pagans do not give obedience to a single divine authority it makes the claim that we become self-aggrandizing, and suggests we care for nothing beyond ourselves. This is a patently false and slanderousl claim. The reality is that pagans have a particularly strong ethical pull towards each other and our planet. The highest law in Wicca is the golden rule to always send out good energies because whatever we create and send out will return to us.Pagans place a high value on freedom, equity, diversity, creativity, compassion, justice, and wisdom. We are encouraged to share with those who have less – whether this be money or time, or knowledge, or skills. We value teachers perhaps above all others.This article fails to acknowledge that pagans have been pioneers in ecology, psychology, art, literature, and technology and that we have advocated strongly for human rights, social justice, and peace.It is a shame that Rabbi Wolpe chooses to use his platform to launch baseless and denigrating attacks instead of building bridges between our peoples. Pagans have no animosity with any religion except where those religions claim to be the only one true way, or where religions use their power to subjugate and deny rights to its members. We do not seek to convert others, but we do seek to live in harmony with all.Like the Jewish people, our history tells a story of how we have been rounded up, persecuted, and killed. We know what it is to not be accepted, to be shunned, misunderstood, feared, and hated. We have spent much of our history hidden, and even now there are many who are afraid to come out of the so-called “broom closet” for fear of personal safety, loss of friends and family, hostile work environments, and more.My hope is that as more of us choose to live proudly and openly, there will be an opportunity to educate others on who we are, what we believe, what our ethics include, and the good deeds we do. We are especially concerned about Climate Change and other ecological concerns. We are strongly for women’s rights to reproductive freedom and healthcare. We support and welcome our LGBT+ siblings, and their right to live their lifestyle as they choose. We believe that Black Lives Matter. We support Israel and its right to defend itself from terrorism.And while we come from a broad spectrum of political leanings, we definitely believe in democracy and exercise our rights to vote for the issues about which we care most.)O( Aspen Galbanum )O(
Seán Pádraig O’Donoghue
The once venerable Atlantic Monthly seems to be publishing more and more drivel. The latest example: an anti-Pagan screed by David Wolpe that makes the astonishingly historically inaccurate claim that:
“Most ancient pagan belief systems were built around ritual and magic, coercive practices intended to achieve a beneficial result. They centered the self. The revolutionary contribution of monotheism was its insistence that the principal concern of God is, instead, how people treat one another.”
No, Mr. Wolpe. Our concept of the “self” as individual rational actor is a product of the emergence of capitalism in the seventeenth century — and more specifically the forced severing of people from land and community. Most ancient Pagan practices centered the family and the community — human and wild. The emergence of monotheism was tied to the centralization of authority, not to the emergence of altruism.
Linda Sager Kazalski
I am deeply disturbed, offended, disappointed, and yes, frightened by Rabbi David Wolpe’s editorial in the The Atlantic. Not only was the lack of scholarship and the bad information disturbing, especially in someone affiliated with such an august university, but he apparently has no understanding of what NeoPaganism is or all the religions that it encompasses. Classical philosophers have very little to do with modern NeoPaganism.
Equating bigots like Donald Trump and Elon Musk with pagans, which they are not, is utterly disgusting. Are there pagans who hold despicable opinions? Certainly. We call them out. There are a lot more Christian Nationalists.
Worse, he’s scapegoating already marginalized people. Most of the pagans I know are middle class or less, and many are struggling to get by. We are far from greedy or wealthy. Many are LGBTQ+. Others have been traumatized by their previous religious communities. Still others are members of other marginalized communities.
We are concerned with the environment. Everyone should be. It’s the only planet, the only environment, we have.
NeoPagans are a very small minority, but we are growing.
Me? I’m a druid. I believe in the Earth and appreciate all it’s denizens. I believe we are a part of nature, not separate from it. Meditation, prayer, and ritual are part of my daily life.
Krystal Rains
To the Editors of The Atlantic
I would like to address a recent article published on your website December 25th, 2023. As a member of the Neo-Pagan community in America I take issue with the assumptions, mischaracterization, and lies perpetuated by the writer of the article “The Return of the Pagans”, Rabbi David Wolpe.
The descriptions and parallels have no validity in the communities I actively participate in. While the Neo-Pagan umbrella casts a wide net of personal and group practices, they are not reflected in this uninformed and slanderous piece of writing, as it does not meet any criteria for a piece of researched journalism. The briefest Google search can dispel most of the accusations made by the author, not to mention, the Neo-Pagan movement has been active and growing since the 1960’s, so it is hardly a “return” of anything. It is an established web of communities, recognized by the federal government and other official agencies and organizations.
While the practices are diverse, they are often reflected in personal connection with a diverse realm of spirits, be they deities or nature. Establishing a relational connection, rather than domination or supplication. A focus on personal development and evolution for our own spiritual improvement and support of our communities, both spiritual and mundane. This support of community is often shown in the form of community gatherings, support of those in need and direct community engagement. The Pagan Pride Project has a specific mandate to collect non-perishable food items for local community food banks and throughout the country, they have donated tens of thousands of pounds since its inception in 1998.
To publish a piece that degrades and misrepresents tens of thousands of practitioners in our country is gross and unprofessional at the very least. As the author is a representative of a marginalized religious community, I am dumbfounded that he felt the need to malign another minority religious community in this fashion.
I would request an apology from your editorial staff, for publishing slanderous and degrading information about a religious community.
Sincerely,
Krystal Rains
Polly Springhorn
I cannot continue as an Atlantic subscriber after reading Rabbi David Wolpe’s article attacking and mischaracterizing Paganism, in a lazy and intellectually dishonest set of arguments which are utter bullshit. In my 30+ years as a Pagan, a Gardnerian Wiccan to be precise, I have not seen a more appalling attack on my community outside of fundamentalist Christianity. I am dumbfounded that the Atlantic would print such an article, and I won’t read the magazine ever again.
There have been other responses on private websites:
- Yvonne Aburrow, “A caricature of Paganisms,” Dowsing for Divinity
As well as on Substack:
- Angelo Nasios, “My Response to The Atlantic’s The Return of the Pagans,” Hearth of Hellenism
- Alythia of the Ash, “Blaming Pagans For Your Pride and Pleasure,” Witchful Thinking from Alythia
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